Gazebo at the Singapore Botanic Gardens
by Calvin Teo, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Singapore_botanic_gardens_gazebo.jpg, used under GNU Free Documentation License
Singapore Botanic Gardens
Holland & Napier Roads, Singapore
The Singapore Botanic Gardens is one of the most important botanic gardens in Southeast Asia. It covers 63.7 hectares (157 acres) of land close to the Orchard Road area. The botanic gardens is half the size of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew and one-fifth the size of New York City's Central Park.
The Singapore Botanic Gardens can trace its beginning right up to the founding of Singapore itself. Sir Stamford Raffles himself established a "Botanical and Experimental Garden" in Singapore in 1822 on Government Hill at Fort Canning. The purpose of that garden was to find and develop plants that can be used as commercial crops. However, due to insufficient funds, and there being no full-time director to lead it, the garden died a slow death, neglected and eventually closed after Raffles passed away in 1829.
In 1859, the Agri-Horticultural Society founded its own gardens on the site of the present Singapore Botanic Gardens. The land was acquired from Chinese merchant Hoo Ah Kay @ Whampoa, who in return was given land at Boat Quay. Until then, Whampoa had used it as a plantation. The society developed their Gardens for recreational activities. Laurence Niven, its superintendent and landscape designer, cleared the plantation and turned it into an ornamental park, the layout of it today is still very much faithful to Niven's design. The Gardens was used by the Society for flower shows and horticultural fetes. They maintained it until 1874, when they ran out of funds to maintain it, and handed it over to the government.
In the hands of the government, the role of the Singapore Botanic Gardens reverted to continue the mission of developing commercial crops. Botanists and Horticulturists trained at Kew were employed to manage the Gardens. Its first Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens was Henry Ridley, the man credited with introducing the planting of rubber in Malaya. He started working at the Gardens in 1888, and for the next 23 years, worked tirelessly not only to persuade plantation owners to try rubber, but also to ways to tap the trees without damaging them. Planters nicknamed him Mad Ridley, and largely ignored his plea, until their coffee crops were brought down by diseases, and they desperately needed a new cash crop.
The planting of rubber coincided with the automobile industry boom, and through Ridley's efforts, the Singapore Botanic Gardens was responsible for the fortune of not only Malaya, but much of Southeast Asia.
During Ridley's administration, an Armenian lady named Agnes Joachim discovered a hybrid orchid in her garden. She showed it to Ridley. That orchid, Vanda Miss Joachim, is today regarded as the National Flower of Singapore.
Singapore's orchid industry was largely the effort of Professor Eric Holttum, the Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens from 1925-1949. Prof Holtum set up laboratories to conduct experiments on orchid breeding and hybridization.
The role of the Singapore Botanic Gardens continue to evolve over the decades. In the 1960s, it was given responsibility in greening Singapore. The Gardens supplied planting material for road sides and parks. The management of the Gardens evolved with the time as well. In 1973, it became part of the Parks and Recreation Department. In 1990, it fell under the management of National Parks Singapore, with Dr Tan Wee Kiat as the Chief Executive Officer. Under Dr Tan, the National Orchid Garden was established. Today it is one of the major highlights of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Admission to the Singapore Botanic Gardens is free, except for the National Orchid Garden, which charges a fee of S$5.00 for adults. The Singapore Botanic Gardens is the only botanic gardens with an opening hour from 5:00am in the morning until 12 midnight every day. There are a few entrances to the Gardens including Tanglin Gate (the main entrance), Burkill Gate, Nassim Gate and Cluny Park Gate. There is a taxi drop-off point at the Visitor Centre along Cluny Road.
Evolution Garden, Singapore Botanic Gardens
by Sengkang, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG. The copyright holder of this work allows anyone to use it for any purpose including unrestricted redistribution, commercial use, and modification.
Cacti at the Singapore Botanic Gardens
by Calvin Teo, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Cactus_Garden_1.jpg, and used under GNU Free Documentation License
